How to teach multiplication

Grade 2 to Grade 5

Multiplication is repeated addition of equal groups. Fluency with the times tables is the foundation for fractions, division and most later maths.

How to teach it

1. Begin with equal groups and arrays so the meaning is clear.
2. Connect multiplication to repeated addition (3 x 4 = 4 + 4 + 4).
3. Drill one times table at a time to automatic recall, then mix tables.
4. Move to two-digit by one-digit, then long multiplication.

Common mistakes

• Memorising tables without understanding equal groups.
• Place-value errors in two-digit multiplication.
• Confusing the times tables that are close (6s, 7s, 8s).