Ages 2,3: scribbles and marks
Toddlers make random marks, then controlled scribbles. This is real pre-writing , the goal is grip and enjoyment, not letters. Chunky crayons, chalk and finger painting all count.
Ages 3,4: shapes and some letters
Pre-schoolers start copying lines, circles and crosses, and often write the letters of their own name. Don't worry about reversals or mixed cases yet.
Ages 4,5 (Pre-K,Kindergarten): most letters
Most children can write most lowercase and uppercase letters, though formation may be wobbly and some letters reverse (b/d is the classic). Focus on correct starting points now , it's far easier than fixing habits later.
Ages 6,7 (Grade 1,2): words and sentences
Children write words and short sentences, with letters getting more even in size and sitting on the line. Reversals usually fade by around age 7.
- Keep sessions short , 5,10 minutes daily.
- Use a font with single-story a and g, the way letters are handwritten.
- Trace, then copy, then write from memory.