1. Counting on
Begin with counting on from the larger number: for 3 + 5, start at 5 and count 6, 7, 8. Starting from the bigger number is faster and reduces errors. Use fingers, a number line or counters.
2. Number bonds and making ten
Number bonds, the pairs that make a number, are the engine of mental addition. Bonds to 10 (6 + 4, 7 + 3) unlock the 'make ten' strategy: 8 + 5 becomes 8 + 2 + 3, which is 10 + 3.
- Learn the bonds to 10 by heart.
- Then use them to bridge through ten.
- Doubles (6 + 6) and near doubles (6 + 7) are quick wins too.
3. Place value before regrouping
Multi-digit addition needs secure place value: knowing the 4 in 47 means four tens. Add tens and ones separately first (40 + 30, then 7 + 5) before introducing the column method.
4. Regrouping (carrying)
When the ones add to ten or more, regroup: ten ones become one ten carried to the next column. This only makes sense once place value is solid, so do not rush it. Model it slowly with base-ten blocks.
5. Build fluency
Finally, build quick recall of single-digit facts so working memory is free for bigger problems. Short, daily practice beats long sessions.
Free addition practice
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